Golden Opportunities: Plasmonic Gold Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications based on the Second Near‐Infrared Window

For biomedical applications, the NIR-II window provides several advantages over the conventional NIR-I window, including deeper penetration depth, low autofluorescence, and higher value of maximum permissible exposure to laser power. An overview of recently reported NIR-II-window-responsive plasmonic gold nanostructures is presented, and the opportunities, challenges, and future directions for these nanostructures in biomedical research fields are discussed.