AA′-Stacked Trilayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride Membrane for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Abstract Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene have emerged as promising materials for proton exchange membranes because of their high proton conductivity and chemical stability. However, the defects and grain boundaries generated during the growth and transfer of two-dimensional materials limit their practical applicability. Here, we report the fabrication of membrane electrode assemblies using large-area single-oriented AA′-stacked trilayer h-BN (3L-BN), which exhibits very few defects during the growth and transfer, as a proton exchange membrane for use in fuel cell systems. The fuel cell based on AA′-stacked 3L-BN showed a H2 permeation current density as low as 2.69 mA cm–2 and an open circuit voltage (OCV) as high as 0.958 V; this performance is much superior to those for cells based on Nafion (3.7 mA cm–2 and 0.942 V, respectively) and single-layer h-BN (10.08 mA cm–2 and 0.…