A Review of Carbon‐Supported Nonprecious Metals as Energy‐Related Electrocatalysts

Abstract The development of sustainable energy conversion and storage devices, such as fuel cells, metal–air batteries, and electrolyzers is highly dependent on the catalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Carbon‐supported nonprecious metals (C@NPMs) with variable metal sizes (single atom, cluster, and nanoparticle) are attracting significant interest for catalyzing these reactions. Therefore, a systematic summary of the recent advances in this field is necessary; however, C@NPMs have seldom been comprehensively reviewed. Herein, the most recent progress (in the years 2015–2020) of C@NPMs for ORR/OER/HER/CO2RR catalysis are reviewed. The review begins with the introduction of various synthesis methods for C@NPMs. Next, promising design strategies to modulate the electroche…