X‐ray imaging methods for multiscale characterization of batteries

Abstract X‐ray imaging is transforming battery research by delivering multiscale insights into structure, composition, and chemistry, spanning micrometer to nanometer scales. As indispensable components of energy storage, electric vehicles, and mobile devices, batteries face significant challenges due to their intricate electrochemical processes, hierarchical architectures, and inaccessible components such as buried interfaces and air‐sensitive materials. These complexities demand advanced techniques capable of uncovering localized effects and addressing the heterogeneity that often obscures critical phenomena. Advanced x‐ray imaging techniques are rising to meet these demands, bridging knowledge gaps by providing detailed visualization of battery processes in ways that conventional methods cannot. Operando x‐ray imaging, in particular, captures real‐time changes during battery cycling; …