Fluid phase separation promotes mineralization of epithermal base metal sulfides: A case study from the Central Seruyan Pb-Zn-Cu deposit in Kalimantan, Indonesia

• Base metal sulfides precipitated at 170–320 °C from cooling caused by decompression and fluid boiling. • Trace elements in sulfides indicate a rapid temperature change during base metal mineralization. • Ore-forming fluids derived from fractionated magma linked to magmatism forming the surrounding Schwaner Mountains. • SW–NE thrusts and NE secondary faults may guide future Cu–Zn–Pb exploration in the area. The Central Seruyan Pb-Zn-Cu deposit in Central Kalimantan is an epithermal deposit situated within the Central Borneo metallogenic belt. To develop a genetic model for this deposit and provide insights for future exploration, we conducted studies on petrography, fluid inclusions, trace element geochemistry of sulfide minerals, and Pb isotope compositions. The mineralization can be categorized into four hydrothermal stages, based on the characteristics of alteration and ore mineral a…