Value chain analysis for long-distance transport of low-carbon energy: Liquefied hydrogen, ammonia, and LNG

• Value chain analysis for low-carbon energy long-distance transport is conducted. • Life cycle and techno-economic assessments for value chain analysis are performed. • Liquefied hydrogen and liquefied ammonia are compared for hydrogen value chain. • Liquefied natural gas supply chain is compared with the hydrogen value chain. • Discussion is held on achieving the break-even point for the hydrogen value chain. Economically transporting low-carbon energy to resource-poor regions is essential to achieving a hydrogen economy for a sustainable society. Recently, liquefied hydrogen and ammonia have gained attention as hydrogen carriers. The aim of this study is to compare the greenhouse gas intensities and costs of liquefied hydrogen and ammonia supply chains as energy carriers for blue hydrogen. Additionally, this study compares these two supply chains with the existing liquefied natural ga…